Zeevaart

KPMG Competitive Alternatives is a biannual guide comparing location specific business costs for more than 130 cities in 10 countries, including the Netherlands. The study primarily focusses on international business costs that vary by location, as applied to different business operations. Besides business costs the study also provides important information on non-cost factors that influence the business attractiveness of different locations, such as labour availability and skills, economic conditions and markets, innovation, infrastructure, and regulatory environment, as well as personal cost of living and quality of life. National results are based on business costs for major cities in each country. All locations are compared to the US baseline, which reflects average business costs for the four largest US metro areas: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago and Dallas-Fort Worth.

Rotterdam’s 7th place in the ranking for major global cities means it is the second best performing European city behind Manchester. Amsterdam follows in 8th place. All cities outside the US have experienced gains in cost competitiveness relative to the US in 2016.